Essay

Question 5:

"Creative Commons is both a solution and yet another failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet. Discuss and give examples."

Creative Commons is a trendy system for all internet users to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet. Whether the Creative Commons can successfully handle the authorship and copyright problem is still a controversial issue since it was born. Within this essay, the success and failures of the Creative Commons copyright licence will be discussed.

Creative Commons is not-for-profit Corporation, founded in 2001, that encourages the legal distribution, remixing and rebuilding of the intellectual and artistic properties (Creative Commons 2009). The idea behind it came from Lawrence Lessig, the Stanford Law professor who dedicated to integrate copyright practice and fair use (Williams & Plummer 2009). Through its free copyright licences, individuals can license their creatures without needing copyright lawyers and easily make content available for others in way that benefit everyone, at the same time reserved part of copyright they want (Laura 2005). With approximately 9 years’ development, Creative Commons now is international in scope, having negotiated licenses in more than 40 countries (Williams & Plummer 2009).

There is confusion for most of people on the web that what they can do and can not do with content protected by a traditional “all rights reserved” license (Bailey 2009). However, the content with CC licences added on generates less confusion. The CC offers six different licences, each of that visually identified by single or mixed icons which indicate the core constituent elements of the licences (Creative Commons 2009; McDonald 2006). Thanks to the contribution of those icons, the CC terms and conditions are well explained. This clarity not only makes it easier for creators to express their terms, but for others to follow their wishes, at least in spirit. (Bailey 2009).

The Creative Commons license is an innovative way to deal with the authorship and copyright by offer a choice of a flexible range of protections and freedoms. Registering to Creative Commons license can obtain great convenience that authors have a freedom to deal with their authorships and copyrights in choosing what contents they want to share or keep. This is an innovative step of moving away from the traditional restrictive copyright law “All rights reserved”, to “some rights reserved”. Like Laura’s descriptions (2005) for the goals of Creative Commons, “The foundations goal is to build a reasonable copyright that encourages authors, film makers, photographers, and/or musicians to allow others to use their works by opting out of the onerous and burdensome requirements of existing copyright law.” Fitzgerald & Oi (2004) also gives a positive conclusion on the contribution of CC that, “the Creative Commons promote better identification, negotiation and reutilization of content for the purposes of creativity and innovation”.

The first known court case involving a Creative Commons license was taken in Amsterdam on March 9, 2006. The Creative Commons licence was first tested at that time. Local media celebrity Adam Curry sued The Dutch tabloid Weekend for copyright and privacy infringement because Weekend reproduced four of his family photos in a story about Curry’s children without seeking Curry’s prior permission. Those photos are published on the well-known online photo-sharing site Flickr under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Sharealike license. Finally, the ruling from Dutch Court rejected a "the license wasn't clear" defense from Weekend. The Weekend was judged to be guilty of violating the terms of the Creative Commons licence that had been applied to Curry’s images (Creative Commons 2006; Groklaw 2006).

This is a successful case for the creators to protect their copyright from infringement through licensing their creatures under CC licence. It is also a proof that the conditions and terms of a creative Commons licence automatically apply to the content licensed under it, and bind users of such content even without expressly agreeing to, or having knowledge of, the conditions of the license (Groklaw 2006). Simply put, the CC licence is enforceable and has been examined that the creators can get a real copyright protection of content licensing under the CC licence. The Creative Commons can be regarded as an easy solution to deal with copyright and authorship issues.

The simplified way that Creative Commons deal with authorship and copyright still received some criticism and it comes along the development of Creative commons. Tóth (2005) denied the form of CC licence. He mentioned that “The ‘Some rights reserved’ concept is therefore not an alternative to, but rather the very nature of classical copyright”. Another critic Dvorak (2005) use a more pungent language to criticize the Creative Commons. He asserted it does absolutely nothing but threaten the already tenuous "fair use" provisos of existing copyright law. According to these two critics’ opinion, Creative Commons could be seen as a failure to deal with copyright and authorship issues.

The major concern of the Creative Commons is licence misuse. Some copyright holders have experiences that some internet content creators erroneously brand their copyrighted work with Creative Commons licence. This manner is already an infringement of copyright. Apparently, the Creative commons should have responsibilities to check mislicensing and to protect the legal copyrighted work, but it failed to do so.

There is another issue that people announce that Creative Commons is a failure, which is how to earn profit form CC licence. As what can be seen, the Creative Commons pay more attentions to offer convenience to the end-users on the internet, not to the creators. McDonald (2006) is confusing that why a model of giving away the substantial value of copyright is likely to benefit creators who depend on copyright for a significant part of incomes. The concept of the CC licence seems that the creator does not get paid by way of any licence fee. Thus, not getting enough profit for one’s work is already a problem for the Creative commons.

To sum up, Creative Commons is at a phase of developing. This is the reason why the CC licence for copyright causes such much argument that whether it should exist or not. It is not surprising that Creative Commons continuingly bring legal problem to users. However, it is a necessary stage for Creative Commons to grow up. At the current stage, the advantage that CC brings to internet users is over its disadvantages. For a long term consideration, Creative Commons is a solution to deal with the authorship and copyright on the internet.

Reference list

Bailey, J. (2009), “5 Lesser-Known Benefit to Creative Commons”, retrieved at
http://www.blogherald.com/2009/01/05/5-lesser-known-benefits-to-creative-commons/ , viewed at December 2009

Carroll, M. W. (2005), “Creative Commons and the new intermediaries”, Villanova University School of Law Working Paper Series, The Berkeley Electronic Press, p.34.

Creative Commons (2006), “Creative Commons licenses enforced in Dutch Court”, retrieved at
http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/5823, viewed at December 2009

Delmus E. W. and Karen A. P. (2009), "Tech services on the web", Technical Services Quarterly. 26(4), 402.

Dvorak, J. C. (2005), “Creative Commons Humbug”, retrieved at
http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1838244,00.asp , viewed at 9 December 2009

Fitzgerald, B. and Oi, I.(2004), “Free culture: Cultivating the Creative Commons”, Media & law Review, 9, p.137.

Gordon-Murnane, L. (2005), “Generosity and copyright: Creative Commons and Creative Commons search tools”, Searcher, 13(7), pp.16-22.

Groklaw (2006), “Creative Commons License Upheld by Dutch Court”, retrieved at
http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20060316052623594, viewed at 9 December 2009

McDonald, I.(2006), “Creative commons: Just say ‘CC’?”Copyright Reporter, 24(4), December.

Tóth, P. B. (2005), “Creative Humbug”, retrieved at
http://www.indicare.org/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=118, viewed at December 2009

Tutorial task 10 - Exploring our media ecology...

Old media communication - Television
Enhances:
Television helps the people to know more of the world. The biggest difference between television and newspaper should be that the television programs broadcast 24 hours everyday; however the newspaper just can be daily or weekly, so that television spread the information speedily.

Retrieves:
In a few years before, people can only see the word or heard the voice, but now, television combines both of them which are more lively and easy for people to understand.

Obsolesces:
Television has too many advertisements on during the programs which seems really horrible for the people who do not like waiting. Television also hurts people’s eyes, but what in my opinion which can not be avoided.

Reserves:
Maybe later on television will be replaced by computers. You can search what you like with free choices. The programs are without advertisements and update more quickly than television.


New media communication - Mobile phone
Enhances:
Mobile phones can enhance the communication between people regardless of the distance. In early time, we can hear people’s voice and send message through the mobile phone, in recent years, new technology even lead to a new revolution which we can also use video calls.

Retrieves:
In old times, we only can contact each other by using mails, which should take long to process and less secured. Mobile phones solve such kind of problems; we can use it any time or in anywhere. Video calls make the chatting more animated as we can also see their faces through the screen.

Obsolesces:
The biggest problem with the mobile phone should be the radiation which hurt people’s health. Maybe in later time, mobile phones will be obsolesced because such problem. For other issues such as mobile fees and some inevitable problems during the producing of mobile phones can also make mobile phones obsolesced.

Reserves:
I think mobile can be an amazing production in recent world, maybe it will be reserved later but at least not in the recent few years.

Lecture 9 - Networked Creativity

Today’s lecture was hold by Jason Nelson about creative uses of the Internet. We went through some websites which were new and different, such as Disaster map and speed test, that represent information/data in a visual way. Foe example, the Google map allows you to see the maps around the world when you enter the address. Through the Disaster map, we can see what’s going on in the world represented by symbols/images rather than just read newspapers or watch television.Freeware genius: is a website which reviews all the free software available on the Internet and recommends the best ones to use.

Jason also mentioned that everyone should be continuously creative. I gain more understaning of his peotry sfter he talked more about it. We can't deny that Jason is really an artist and his work is great. He wants people participate in his website not just only watch. He said there is no actully purposes for the peotry, eveyone has their own understanding when they went through.

Tutorial task 8 - Examining some net.art (by jason nelson)

Take a look at: digital poet Jason Nelson's SecretTechnology.com
You should explore AT LEAST THREE of his creations and write about your response to the works that you are viewing.

I explore 3 of them:
(1). I made this. you play this, we are enemies
(2). Ending eventually ends
(3). stunningly harmful songs

1. How does it make you feel?
When I first entered the net.art I feel really confusing. The colours inside is really colourful, I should say I do not like them.

2.What does it makes you think about?
For (1), I played the game, but I really do not know what I were doing. The background music is a little bit annoying.

For (2), I should say that is quite creative. I think it can be a kind of newspaper collection, which can collect and manage the newspaper you like.

For (3), all other things are good, except the songs.

3. What are the other media forms that it uses, or is similar to?

different to the tradition media forms, but smilar to the video games

4.If we accept that Jason's worksre poetry - How do you "read" digital poetry like that?
Differnt understanding comes up with different ideas, I should we should all be more creative when we read suck poety.

Lecture 10 - New Media Ecology

This is our last lecture, I should say that I enjoyed thes two weeks. Adam said the purpose of this course is to turn invisible into visible.

In this lecture, the idea of media ecology was introduced. Media environmrnt is an essential part of media ecology, while media ecology refers the impats on both indivual and the society. Mark McLuhan said that media is an extension of the human body, with media things are made possible beyond human capacity. People will be affected by using different media mediums, just like fishes in bottles. The colour of the water in the bottle can be changed, stones can be put into the bottles, what affted was the vision of the fish. Mark McLuhan also gave the Tetrad of Media, which shows us how to understanding a media.

Adam also gave summary for this course on the second half of the class.

Lecture 8 - Being a Digital Citizen

Today's lecture talked about the copyright.Through projects like Creative Commons the ‘middle man’ (Music and Film industry’s) who make profit from putting copyright on creative works. Copyright is a kind of policy which protect the sole's benefit by avoiding the others stole their works. In recent society, people overshare the information through the Internet, when one file be exposured, then millions of the same files can be found in short time. For example, the illegally movies and music dowland.

The lecturer also talked about the hacker. Hackers would commonly check to see which ports on a specified computers are OPEN or available to access the computer. We should use firewall and the antivirus software to protect our cpmputers.

Tutorial task 7 - Politics and the Internet

What opportunities can you find for political participation via the internet:How many of the following can you achieve while sticking to your political beliefs?

1. Sign an e-petition.
I signed an epetition for the "classification of computer games in Queensland"2.
http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/view/EPetitions_QLD/CurrentEPetitions.aspx?lIndex=1

2.Respond to a professional blogger at a major news site.
http://www.bloggernews.net/123204#comment-1460065

3. What is Barak Obama up to today?
The Jobs and Economic Growth Forum is taking place at The White House today.The President is hosting a Jobs Forum to hear ideas on job creation from across the board.
http://www.facebook.com/barackobama?ref=pdb

4.Find out who your local, state and federal representatives are.
Local Representative: Gail Mcpherson
State Representative: Steven Robertson
Federal Representative: Graham Perrett

+ What do you think of the Australian Government’s plans to censor the internet (the so-called “Clean Feed”)???
In the wensite :http://nocleanfeed.com/ shows more information abou the "Clean Feed".

I don’t think that it would be a good idea. I believe that it’s up to parents to censor the internet and to keep it clean. Alot of information on the internet is good, however alot is bad. It’s a hard question to answer as some information would be good to remove, however doing that could also take away the good information. I don’t know. As for now though I think it’s up to parents to control what can and can’t be seen.

+What place does censorship have in a democracy?
The premise of a democratic society is directly contradicts censorship. The only censorship that should occur within a democratic society is one that the people elect themselves.

Lecture 7 - Political Possibilities

In today’s lecture, we have been taught something about the political possibilities.

Cyber Politics refers to the politics and political exchanges that go with the internet. This includes the politics surrounding the running of the internet.

eDemocracy represents the use of information and communication technologies by selected actors within political and governance processes of local communities.Other forms of democracy involve liberal democracy, representative democracy and the alternative to representative democracy – participatory or direct democracy. Participatory or direct democracy refers to all the citizens having the right and duty to be involved in all decisions made.

However, the increasing concentration, centralisation and commercialisation of the mass media appear to have foreclosed avenues for democratic participation in the current representative democracy. Free speech was also discussed in the lecture as it allows citizens to discuss the key attributes of democracy,without free speech we do not have a democracy.

Security breaches in the form of computer hackers was discussed.

Tutorial task 6 - essay research

I choose the 5th question which is "Creative Commons is both a solution and yet another failure to deal with authorship and copyright on the internet. Discuss and give examples. "

After my research I found following journals are related to my topic.

1. Fitzgerald, Brian and Oi, Ian, 2004, “Free culture: Cultivating the Creative Commons”, Media & law Review, 9, p.137.
Within this paper, the authors provide positive points of view about the Creative Commons licenses and also indicate the future impact of Creative commons to free culture. The author believes that the Creative Commons promote better identification, negotiation and reutilization of content for the purposes of creativity and innovation. It can well support the idea that CC is a solution for authorship and copyright.

2.Gordon-Murnane, Laura 2005, “Generosity and copyright: Creative Commons and Creative Commons search tools”, Medford, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 16-22.
This article firstly starts with the introduction of the traditional copyright law, and its development and limitations, then highlighting the Creative Commons is a complement of current copyright law by providing an alternative method for artists to “share what they want, keep what they want”, while publishing their works online under copyright. The content of this article includes supportive information on success of Creative Commons. It also contains detailed information on six main Creative Commons Licenses, which can be use as references for background description of Creative Commons.

3.Berry, David M. and Moss Giles 2005, “On the ‘Creative Commons’: a critique of the commons without commonalty”, Free Soft ware Magazine, 5, June 2005.
The writers argue that the Creative Commons project on the whole fails to confront and look beyond the logic and power asymmetries of the present. The key message this paper wants to deliver to us is “the commons is based on commonalty” and the Creative Commons licensing model is still a commons without commonalty. It constitutes blockage in the flow of creativity. Obviously, the authors are holding a point of view against the Creative Commons, thus, this paper may be used as resources to criticise the copyright issues within the CC system.

4.Carroll, Michael W., 2005, “Creative Commons and the new intermediaries”, Villanova University School of Law Working Paper Series, The Berkeley Electronic Press, p.34.
This paper majorly focuses on examination of the disintermediating and reintermediating roles played by Creative Commons licenses on the Internet. A large amount of intermediaries based on the machine-readable CC copyright have begun to appear online as search engines archives, libraries, publishers, community organizers and educators, which indicates that the CC licenses are getting more and more popular in application. it can be used as an evidence that content owners have gradually accepted the CC as a best solution of their authorship.

5.McDonald, Ian, 2006, “Creative commons: Just say ‘CC’?” Copyright Reporter, 24(4), December.
The writer concludes that there are logical and practical problems both with the rationales behind the Creative Commons licences and with the way it approaches copyright. The entire paper clearly generalise the drawbacks of the CC licences into different subtitles. This article is really helpful to discover the potential disadvantages of the CC project. What’s more, it is also a good support material to prove that CC is a failure to deal with the copyright on the internet.

Lecture 6 - The Academic Study of Video Games

The topic of this week is video games. Video games is quite popular now, its a production of the new technology. To compare with the traditional ones, such as TV and newspaper, video games can be more animated and interactive with the players.

I just played them few times before, not only because its waste time also due to nearly all the video games have been used in commercial ways now. For example the World of Warcraft, the players need to buy the special weapons on line in order enhance the skill of the role. The game company owe money from the players and they pay salary to their staafs in different departments such as designer, IT, marketing… I should say a successful video game is a combination of all skills.

However, what attract the people a lot should be they can do what they can’t in real world and also be the kind of people they want. They also got a chance to meet the people around the world, talk to them and play together. Frankly, I should say that some video games need strategy to pass and can improve their ability of team work.

Tutorial task 5 – The Internet Field Trip

The task 5 ask us take an ‘Internet field trip’ to 3D chat room. Rather than a regular IM chat room such as MSN, we were encouraged to take part in a 3D chatroom such as ActiveLife or Habbo.

Personally,I prefer MSN more than chatroom. Why? Because MSN is very secure – meaning you can only talk to people if you add and approve them and ofcourse you can remove and block them if you change your mind.

I decided to give this “Active Worlds” chatroom a try.The main difference I noted between regular MSN and this 3D environment was having to personalise yourself. For example, in comparison to MSN where your name and display picture is displayed… In these 3D chatrooms, you have a characterised person who represents yourself in these chatrooms.

I guess one okay point about 3D environments is that if your really really bored and lonely and socially deprived, you could enter these 3D chatrooms and become someone else and do wierd things… and no one will know who you are – which clearly explains the mass of strange and very, very wierd people already present in those chatrooms.

I do feel that the 3D aspect makes a huge difference to the chatrooms, as it adds more “life” to the strange environments and characters present. There is something highly amazing about seeing the avatars who look very wierd walk up to you and begin a wierd conversation.

Lecture 5 - Virtual Philosophy

In todays lecture we looked at virtual philosophy. Virtual Reality is a system that enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment.There are some types of VR: 3D simulation on computer screen, control generally by mouse or joystick, utilizes VRML or similar program to give the sensation of moving through an environment.

I believe that the virtual world has been part of of our everyday life. Everyday we use computers, mobilephones. televisions...The games in Facebook seem to be quite popular among younge people, I believe that is precisely because the virtual world is more lifelike. People even can do what they can't do in the solid world. Now, it comes up with the 3d games there more people will be struck on the virtual world.

Lecture 4 - Free Culture, Free Society

This lecture was on Free Culture and Free Society. Basically it was about Creative Commons. Creative Commons are the internet equilivant of copyright laws. It was founded in December 2002 and is a non-profit organisation dedicated to promoting reasonable copyright. Creative Commons enable ’some rights reserved’ rather than ‘all rights reserved’.

The lecture also covered topics like how software on the computer works. There are two types of software, Free and Proprietary. Free software works on four principles: Freedom O which is the freedom to run the program, for any purpose. Freedom 1, the freedom to study how the program works and adapt it to your needs. Freedom 2, the freedomt o re-distribute copies so you can help your neighbour and Freedom 3, the freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public so that thw whole community benefits.

Proprietary software is where a source code remains confidential. Software development mainly in-house are made by paid teams and the development goals are set by software companies. The business then sell the finished software packages.

There are 3 key words in Free Culture and Free Society:
Community – Poeple who want to share and do something good so the whole community benefits. Helping your neighbour is not a crime.
Collaboration – Instead of going against copyright and breaking the law, people can work together to create good things.
Choice – You paid for your computer with your hard-earned money, its a tool for communicating and creating. Don’t let companies like Microsoft and Apple tell you how to use your computer.

Tutorial task 3

Part 1 - Scavenger Hunt questions

1. What did Alan Turing wear while riding his bicycle around Bletchley Park?

The search engine I used was AltaVista. I plugged in “Alan Turing and riding his bicycle around Bletchley Park”. The first result on the first page of results was a link to a short biography for Alan Turing on a Generic Universal RolePlaying System Game software for WWII website.

Answer: Alan Turing use to wear a gas mask while riding his bicycle around Bletchley Park to prevent hay-fever symptoms.

http://www.nels.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/GURPS/WWII/Turing.htm

2. On what date did two computers first communicate with each other? Where were they?
Using AltaVista again, plugged in “computers AND communicate AND 1969″. According to Communication and Computer Network, the Department of Defence in the USofA started a network called Advanced Research Projects Administration Network, or ARPANET.

Answer:The first computers talked to each other in 1969 through a network called ARPANET. The computers were located in California and Utah.

http://www.nos.org/htm/funda4.htm

3. What is Bill Gates’ birthday and what age was he when he sold his first software?
To search for this,I plugged in “what age was Bill Gates when he sold his first software” and the fourth result down was for his biography on Answers.com. This told me that Bill Gates had sold his first commercially developed software for $3,000 in 1975. With a little bit of math, I was able to determine what age Bill Gates was when this happened.

Answer: Bill Gates was born on the 28th of October, 1955. So if Bill Gates first sold his software in 1975, that would make him 20 years old.

http://www.answers.com/topic/bill-gates

4. Where was the World Wide Web invented?
I plugged the question into AltaVista and the first link is what I want.

Answer:The World Wide Web was invented at CERN.

http://www.boutell.com/newfaq/history/inventedwebwhere.html

5. How does the power of the computer you are working on now compare with the power of a personal computer from 30 years ago?
I first find out the power of a computer made 30 years ago by using the AltaVista, come up with a link called "a timeline for the history of computers". This told me that in 1979, Intel released the 8088 8-bit processor to the public in June. Then, I went to the Lenovo website ,and fins my laptop, which told me that an Inspiring computer had a up to Intel® Core™2 Duo T9300 processor (2.50GHz, 6MB L2, 800MHz FSB)

Answer: A computer in 1979 had a 8088 8-bit processor.

http://www.web-friend.com/help/general/pc_history.html
A computer in 2009 has a 2.60GHz, 800FSB, 6MB processor
http://shopap.lenovo.com/SEUILibrary/controller/e/auweb/LenovoPortal/en_AU/catalog.workflow:expandcategory?current-catalog-id=3634951826AE4D3881BFFF1AC5FCD957&current-category-id=5F3D323E86B74590ADD714AAD4CB5F99&tab=2#tab-container-5

6. What is the weight of the largest parsnip ever grown?
Using AltaVista I found the Guinness world records website. No answer there so I searched for “giant parsnip” on AltaVista. The second result was for the Port Lincoln Times. This told me that a man by the name of Ken Holden picked a giant parsnip from his garden in July of this year.

Answer: Ken Holden grew a parsnip that weighed 2.3 kilograms. Mr Holden has also previously grown a cauliflower weighing 3.2 kilograms and carrots weighing 2.7 kilograms.

http://www.portlincolntimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/holden-growing-more-giant-vegetables/1570577.aspx

7. When did Queensland become a state and why is the Tweed River in New South Wales?
I searched for the history of Queensland in AltaVista and the second result was for the "Queensland Government’s website of Queensland history". It says “Queen Victoria gave her approval and signed Letters Patent on June 6 1859 to establish the new colony of Queensland.” For the second part of the question, I did a search in AltaVista for the “history of the border between QLD and NSW”. It did not come with an actually answer.

Answer:Queensland separated from New South Wales and thus became a state in 1859.

http://www.qld.gov.au/about-queensland/history/

8. What was the weather like in south-east Queensland on 17 November 1954?
can't find the answer even I tried several words in the searching engine.

9. Why is is Lord Byron still remembered in Venice?
I did the search in AltaVista for this one. I plugged in “Lord Byron AND Venice history” and came up with a "BBC History website"as the forth result.

Answer: Lord Byron is remembered in Venice because he wrote some of his most famous works including ‘Don Juan’ in Venice.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/byron_lord.shtml

10. What band did Sirhan Chapman play in and what is his real name?

For this question, I plugged in “Sirhan Chapman” into AltaVista and the third result was for the "The Black Assassins". This told me the bands name, The Black Assassins, but not Sirhan Chapman’s real name.

I can't find Sirhan Chapman's real name.

Answer: Sirhan Chapman plays in The Black Assassins.

http://www.blackassassins.net/CDlaunch.html

Part 2

(1) How do search engines rank the stuff they find on the internet?

Answer:Based on information gathered off www.searchengine-guy.com.au, I have determined that search engines base their rankings primarily on content. For instance, a link is more likely to have a high ranking if the keyword search is in:

+The title tag

+Regular text

+Links

+image file names

+meta tags

+alt tags

+comments

So basically, the links wherein the keyword appears most often are more highly ranked.

(2.) Who, or what, makes one page (that you might get in your search results) more useful than another one, so that it is put at the top of your search results?
Answer: This is answered within question one. The page appears at the top if it contains the keyword in a number of places. In some cases though, a link may appear at the top because it is a "Sponsered ad", and therefore has paid to be at the top.

(3.) What are some of your favourite search engines? why do you like one more than others?

Answer:My most favourite one is Google, and I also use Baidu (Chinese), Altavista.

Why? Simply because it is easy to.

Lecture 3 - Media, New Media, Social Media

This lecture firstly talked about the new media which includes the virtual community and the individual identity.When we talk about what is commonly called “Social Media” we are talking about different ways in which we use technology to communicate with other people in a social setting. In nowdays, when peopel using internet, they no longer to work individually, but also can communicate with others. People can also makefriend on line by searching their hobbies.

WEB 2.0 is referred to web development and web design that helps the interactive information sharing, it is a kind of marketing strategy and creates the community. Where Web 1.0 was all about marketing to the consumer, Web 2.0 is just about the consumer. It was said in the lecture that Web 2.0 is the domain of networking on Social Network Services like Facebook and MySpace, of blogging and all it’s forms like micro blogging on Twitter and content sharing on sites such as Photobucket and YouTube.

Social Media relates to Web 2.0 because social media is all about the different mediums in which people can connect over the internet.

Tutorial Task 4

This is the first time I used the Windows Movie Maker to create a video. The theme is about my travel to the Fraser Island. I hope u enjoy it:)

Tutorial Task 2 - My own experiences with communication technologies

The first time I used the computer was at home when I was 9 years old. My father bought the computer from the Shenzhen city and then mailed it home. It was a desktop computer. In my memory, I felt scared about the computer that moment because I did not know how to use it while I clearly knew that that was an expensive thing.

I started learning about the computer from 11 years old, when my father returned home from the Shenzhen Province. He taught me the basic knowledge of the computer, such as the monitor, mouse, how to start...Which impressed me was that my father pushing me to practice typing all the time. Our school opened the computing class when I was in Grade 4, I even participated in the design competition:) The teachers taught us to use Internet to send email and how to search information on the web, which seemed to be amazing for me at that time and of course that is definitely useful.

I did not using Internet for the entertainment purpose until I graduated from the senior high school due to the busy study, but I knew that most of my Friends enjoyed themselves quite a lot. When I started using Internet for different kind of purposes, I felt worried about my privacy as someone may steal my account and my chatting history can be seen by someone without promise. Not bad, the companies such as QQ, face book always try to solve such problems by using different kinds of new technologies, so actually I trust the Internet a lot. I never play Internet games because I think it is just a kind of business way of the companies which not only waste time but also waste money.

To sum up, new technologies changed my life a lot, I love it!

There is a vedio which is related to new communication technology, which introduce the history of the Internet:

Lecture 2 - The history of computer and internet

The second lecture we learnt about the selective history of the computer and Internet. This should be really hard for me as I do not know any thing about it.

First, the lecturer talked about the history of computer. The computer has its origins in various adding machines, most notably Charles Babbage's 19th century Difference Engine which was designed to calculate and print mathematical tables.

Alan Turing is the people who contributed quite a lot to build the computer during the Second World War. After the War, Alan set up the foundations of modern computing, by publishing a paper on the computability of numbers and the possibility of a machine to compute them. A few other interesting fact were the development of the operating systems.by publishing a paper on the computability of numbers and the possibility of a machine to compute them.

Computers were first commercially produced by IBM in the 1950s.The first generation of computers were large, unwieldy and expensive machines for military, government and corporate work but it quickly became apparent that computers would get smaller, quicker and less expensive at an exponential rate. It wasn't until 1975, however, that the first PC (personal computer) was released by the Xerox PARC.

Then, we learnt about the history of Internet. The Internet has an age about 40 years old. People started thinking about the communication between each computers in the 1960's and then they got a way to communicate with each other, which should be quite different to the Internet in recent year. We saw a video about how the Internet connect eachPC and How the PC gets required information from the Internet.

I believe in few years later, there should have new kind of computer and the Internet should be more completed.

Lecture 1 - New Communication Technology

As the survey we have done in the lecture, messenger, the Facebook, mobile phone, email, YouTube, online shopping are such good examples of new communication technology in recent world. At this moment, from my view, this course is about the relation between communication and new technology.

Communication means sources transfer from the sender to the receiver. Without technology, people can just communicate with others in limited distance. As the speedy development of the technology, there have been amazing changes to human beings' life. Information spreads really fast, for example, when the federal release a new law, the people around the world can get noticed in only one minute due to the super Internet. There are still some other media mediums, such as television, newspaper, mobile phone...

To sum up, new communication technology is the way of transmitting information quickly, which will lead to reduce the distance between the whole world.

Welcome

Hi everyone, I am a 21 year-old Chinese girl, my name is Li Zhu. I am happy that I can enroll in this course and hope that we will enjoy these two weeks.

I am interested in reading novels on the web and I spend most of my leisure time at home just doing something with my laptop. That's the very reason why I choose this course.

I will use this blog to record all the stuffs in the next two weeks, include the summaries of the lectures, videos and tutorial tasks.